) 1上海师范大学教育学院心理系, 上海 200234
2上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心重性精神障碍重点实验室, 上海 200030
收稿日期:2017-08-14出版日期:2018-06-01发布日期:2018-04-28通讯作者:罗俊龙E-mail:luo831023@163.com作者简介:殷悦为共同第一作者基金资助:上海市自然科学基金项目(17ZR1420500);上海市教育委员会科研创新项目资助(15ZS041)Positive effect of intuitive processing is modulated by cognitive resources under different levels of consciousness
YU Tingting1, YIN Yue1, WANG Shu1, ZHOU Shujin1, TANG Xiaochen2, LUO Junlong1() 1 Department of Psychology, College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
Received:2017-08-14Online:2018-06-01Published:2018-04-28Contact:LUO Junlong E-mail:luo831023@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 直觉的优势效应近来被越来越多研究者关注, 但该优势效应对认知资源的依赖程度以及受意识调节的情况尚无专门探讨。为此, 本研究采用汉字组块破解任务, 通过汉字的包含关系操纵认知资源, 通过阈上、阈下的呈现时间操纵意识水平考察了直觉与分析的加工过程。结果发现, 相比较分析条件, 直觉条件在阈上表现出优势效应：包含与不包含情况下均正确率更高、反应时更快; 但在阈下只有不包含情况出现直觉优势：不包含情况下正确率更高、反应时更快, 包含情况下二者无显著差异。这表明, 在无意识水平下, 认知资源可以调节直觉的优势效应; 但在意识水平下, 认知资源则不能够调节该效应。
图/表 7
图1材料类型示例
图1材料类型示例
图2实验材料示例
图2实验材料示例表1四种条件下各筛选出40组题目的 平均正确率及平均反应时[M (SD)]
| 实验条件 | 正确率 | 反应时 |
|---|---|---|
| 包含下的直觉 | 0.99 (0.01) | 796.94 (68.85) |
| 包含下的分析 | 0.85 (0.07) | 1204.83 (129.17) |
| 不包含下的直觉 | 0.98 (0.02) | 876.97 (62.82) |
| 不包含下的分析 | 0.81 (0.08) | 1224.08 (124.71) |
表1四种条件下各筛选出40组题目的 平均正确率及平均反应时[M (SD)]
| 实验条件 | 正确率 | 反应时 |
|---|---|---|
| 包含下的直觉 | 0.99 (0.01) | 796.94 (68.85) |
| 包含下的分析 | 0.85 (0.07) | 1204.83 (129.17) |
| 不包含下的直觉 | 0.98 (0.02) | 876.97 (62.82) |
| 不包含下的分析 | 0.81 (0.08) | 1224.08 (124.71) |
图3正式实验刺激流程
图3正式实验刺激流程
图4不同自变量组合条件下被试的平均正确率注：误差线为标准差(下同)
图4不同自变量组合条件下被试的平均正确率注：误差线为标准差(下同)
图5不同自变量组合条件下被试的平均反应时
图5不同自变量组合条件下被试的平均反应时表2不同条件下被试的辨别力指数[M (SD)]
| 条件 | 分析材料 | 直觉材料 |
|---|---|---|
| 24 ms | 0.32 (0.60) | 0.78 (0.78) |
| 200 ms | 2.62 (0.85) | 3.97 (0.69) |
表2不同条件下被试的辨别力指数[M (SD)]
| 条件 | 分析材料 | 直觉材料 |
|---|---|---|
| 24 ms | 0.32 (0.60) | 0.78 (0.78) |
| 200 ms | 2.62 (0.85) | 3.97 (0.69) |
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