删除或更新信息,请邮件至freekaoyan#163.com(#换成@)

北京大学药学院导师教师师资介绍简介-凌笑梅

本站小编 Free考研考试/2020-04-14


凌笑梅 教授 博士生导师化学生物学系副主任。
电 话:(O);(L)
传 真:
电子邮箱: lingxm@bjmu.edu.cn;pkulxm@126.com
通讯地址:北京市海淀区学院路38号,北京大学药学院药物分析教研室
邮 编:100191
多年来一直从事仪器分析和药物分析的教学和科研工作,主编了《高等仪器分析实验与技术》,并担任药物分析杂志编委、中国药学会药物分析委员会委员等。对色谱联用技术和高效毛细管电泳在医药领域中的应用做了大量的研究工作,主要研究工作有:(1)药物代谢动力学及代谢组学研究;(2)生物分子之间的相互作用及生物分子与药物分子之间相互作用研究;(3)天然产物及合成化合物中活性成分的定性定量筛选研究;(4)新药质量标准及稳定性研究;(5)手性药物拆分测定;(6)体内、体外脂肪酸含量测定等。发表相关学术论文70余篇。
主要研究方向
1、药物分析新技术和新方法研究及其在生物医药领域中的应用研究:采用毛细管电泳方法研究分子间相互作用研究,如生物大分子和小分子、生物大分子与生物大分子相互作用;手性物质的拆分及与生物大分子相互作用研究;毛细管色谱柱固定化技术研究(固定蛋白、细胞等)及在药物研究中的应用。
2、药物代谢动力学及代谢组学研究:采用现代仪器和色谱联用技术,进行药物体内的生物转化、血药浓度-时间曲线、吸收、分布、排泄、与血浆蛋白结合、对药物代谢酶活性影响和药物-药物相互作用及代谢组学研究等。
3、新药质量标准及稳定性研究:创新药物质量标准建立和稳定性研究。
主讲课程
1.定量分析 2.仪器分析 3.药物分析 4.高等仪器分析 5.毛细管电泳
6.生物药物分析 7.定量分析实验 8.仪器分析实验 9.药物分析实验 10.高等仪器分析实验
近几年代表性论文
1. Jing Li, Wensi Lin, Weiwei Lin, Peng Xu, Jianmei Zhang, Haisong Yang, Xiaomei Ling, Metabolic profiling study on potential toxicity and immunotoxicity-biomarker discovery in rats treated with cyclophosphamide using HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS,Biomedical Chromatography, 2015, 29(5): 768-776
2. Zhongjie Li, Yiran Zhao, Weiwei Li, Xiaobo Hu, MinYe, Xiaodan Zhang, Xiaomei Ling*,Rapid screening and identification of active ingredients in licoriceextract interacting with V3 loop region of HIV-1 gp120 using ACE andCE-MS,Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015, 111: 28–35
3. Peng Xu, MinLi, Yanping Βai, WeiLu, Xiaomei Ling*,WeidongLi, The effects of piracetam on heroin-induced CPP and neuronal apoptosis in rats,Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2015.150: 141-146
4. Zhongjie Li, Li Li, Xiaowei Wang, Junyi Liu, Xiaomei Ling*,Interactions of carrageenan or its degradation with R15K by affinity capillary electrophoresis,Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences,2015,24(6): 400-404
5. Peng Xu, Yanping Βai, Haisong Yang, Jing Li, Wei Lu, Xiaomei Ling*,High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method for simultaneous quantitation of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in subregions of rat brain, Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences,2015,24(7):458-466
6. Yiran Zhao, Zhongjie Li, Yong Jiang, Xiaodan Zhang,Xiaomei Ling*,Rapid screening of anti-HIV ingredients in Artemisia rupestris L. extracts interacting with V3 loop region of HIV-1 gp120 and reverse transcriptase by affinity capillary electrophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis,Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences,2015,24(6):625-629
7. Lu Yang, Pazilaiti.Yakufu, Meina Li, Xiaomei Ling*, Zhongjie Li, Ying Wang,Study on Interactions between Ligands (Compound A/22) and CCR4, ML40, 3 Extracellular Loops by ACE and CZE,Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences,2014,23(3)186-189
8. Meina Li,·Lei Lei,·Linghan Jia, Xiaomei Ling*, Jianmei Zhang, Yiran Zhao, Kewei Wang, Quantitative evaluation of interactions between Kv4.3 N-terminus and its auxilary subunit KchIPs by affinity capillary electrophoresis, Analytical Biochemistry, 2014,449:99-105
9. Haisong Yang, Wensi Lin, Jianmei Zhang, Weiwei Lin, Peng Xu, Jing Li, Xiaomei Ling*,Urine metabonomics analysis of the toxic effects of TM208 in rats by HPLC-IT-TOF/MS, Journal of Chromatography B, 2014, 959: 49-54
10. Jing Li, Weiwei Lin, Dai Li, Yingfang Ao, Haisong Yang, Xiaomei Ling*A validated HPLC method for the determination of cefazolin sodium level in rabbit synovial fluid, Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014,23(9):649-653
11. Pazilaiti.Yakufu, Hui Qi, Xiaomei Ling*, Wenjing Chen, Ying Wang,CCR4 Expressing Cell Cultured Adherently on a Capillary Wall as the Stationary Phase for Ligand Screening by ACE, Electrophoresis, 2013,34(4):531-540
12. Wensi Lin, Jianmei zhang, Xiaomei Ling*, Ning Yu, Jing Li, Haisong yang, Runtao Li, Jingrong Cui, Evaluation of the effect of TM208 on the activity of five cytochrome P450 enzymes using on-line solid-phase extraction HPLC-DAD: A cocktail approach, Journal of Chromatography B, 2013, 923-924: 29-36.
13. Meina Li, Qing Wang, Xiaomei Ling*, Lu Yang, Zhongjie Li, Min Ye, Ying Wang,Interactions between N-terminal extracellular tail of CCR4 and natural products of licorice using capillary electrophoresis, Chromatographia, 2013, 76(13-14): 811-819.
14. Wen-Jing Chen, Pazilaiti.Yakufu, Xiao-Mei Ling*, Hui Qi, Jun-Hai Xiao, Ying Wang, N-terminal extracellular tail of CC chemokine receptor 4 (ML40) immobilized on capillary column to study the interactions between ML40 and its potential ligands,Analytical Biochemistry, 2012,423(1): 1-6
15. Jianmei Zhang, Wensi Lin, Xiaona Li, Ning Yu, Xiaomei Ling*, Ge Fu, Runtao Li, Jingrong Cui, Determination of 4-methylpiperaine-1-carbodithioc acid 3-cyano-3, 3-diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride in Rats’ Plasma by Online-SPE-HPLC-DAD: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study, Journal of Separation Science, 2012, 35(5-6): 721-725
16. Xiao-na Li, Ning Yu, Jian-mei Zhang, Wen-si Lin, Xiaomei Ling*, Ge Fu, Runtao Li, Jingrong Cui, Determination of cyclophosphamide in rat plasma using on-line SPE HPLC-DAD, Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012, 15(1): 38-44
17. Peng Xu, Wensi Lin, Chuanjun Zhu, Kelin Liu, Ying Chang, Yuxin Cui, Xiaomei Ling*, Wei Lu,Identification of dimethylamphetamine in a suspect exhibit, Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences,
18. 刘勇,袁丽佳,贺锐锐,韩南银,凌笑梅*. 一次性使用人体动脉血样采集器中二甲硅油含量的测定. 中国药学杂志[J],拟于2012年第16期发表
19. 徐鹏,李晓娜,刘克林,凌笑梅*,卢炜. 超快速液相色谱法测定新型“K2”香料中JWH-018的含量. 中国药物依赖性杂志[J],2012(4),282-284
20. Shuyu Zhang, Hui Qi, Pazilaiti. Yakufu, Fang Zhao, Xiaomei Ling(责任作者), Junhai Xiao, Ying Wang, Screening of thiourea derivatives and carbonyl-2-aminothiazole derivatives for potential CCR4 antagonists using capillary zone electrophoresis, Journal of Chromatography B,879 (2011) 75–82
21. 王皎, 李晓娜, 张建美, 凌笑梅*, 李润涛, 崔景荣,RP-HPLC法测定TM208的含量及有关物质,药物分析杂志,2011,31(1):99-102
22. Wujie Li, Yinling Ma, Zhu Gan, Xiaomei Ling*, Zhenjun Yang, Qualitative and quantitative determination of oligonucleotide by non-gel capillary electrophoresis,Chromatographia,(2011) 73:579–582
23. Lu Pei, Lujia Xie, Qian Lin, Xiaomei Ling*, Zhu Guan, Zhenjun Yang,Studies on the adenosine deaminase-catalyzed conversion of adenosine and nucleoside prodrugs by different capillary electrophoresis modes, Analytical Biochemistry 414 (2011) 131–137
24. Zhe Sun, Lin-Jie Tian, Qian Lin, Xiao-Mei Ling*, Hai-Jun Xiao, Ying Wang,Screening of chemokine receptor CCR4 antagonists by capillary zone electrophoresis,Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis,2011,1(4): 264-269
25. Xiaomei Jing, Yihao Bai, Xiaomei Ling*, Fangbin Han, Runtao Li, Jingrong Cui,Simultaneous determination of 4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbodithioc acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride and its major metabolite in rats by high-performance liquid chromatography, Journal of Chromatography Science, 2010,48: 125-129
26. Wujie Li, Mou Cao, Lu Pei, Xiaomei Ling*, Bingchao Li and Zhenjun Yang, Study on steady-state kinetics of nucleotide analogues incorporation by non-gel capillary electrophoresis,Electrophoresis, 2010, 31: 507-511
27. Wenjing Chen, Wujie Li, Xiaomei Ling*, Xiaowei Wang, Junyi Liu, Study on the interaction between HIV reverse transcriptase and its non-nucleoside inhibitor nevirapine by capillary electrophoresis, Journal of Chromatography B, 2010, 878: 1714-1717
28. Siting Wang, Yan Song, Jiao Wang, Xiaomei Ling*, Zemei Ge, Runtao Li and Jingrong Cui, Gas-fragmentation study of the novel synthetic zwitterionic drug 3-methyl-9-(2-oxa-2λ5-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine-2-cyclohexyl)-3,6,9-triazaspiro[5,5]undecane chloride (SLXM-2) by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2010, 24: 1181-118429. Jiao Wang, Yan Song, Jianmei Zhang, Xiaona Li, Xiaomei Ling*, Runtao Liand Jingrong Cui, LC and LC–MS Study of the Bioavailability and Metabolites of TM208 after Oral and Intravenous Administration to Rat, Chromatographia, 2010, 72: 459-464
30. 王斯婷,李晓娜,王皎,凌笑梅*, 代谢组学及其分析技术,药物分析杂志,2010,30(9):1792-1799
31. Shuyu Zhang, Jun Cheng, Wenjing Chen, Xiaomei Ling*, Yiying Zhao, Jie Feng, Cheng Xiang, Hong Liang, Interactions Between Thrombin and Natural Products of Millettia nitita var. hirsutissima Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, Journal of Chromatography B,2009,877: 4107-4114
32. Detao Kong, Siting Wang, Xiaomei Ling*, Runtao Li, Jingrong Cui, Determination of anti-tumor agent TM208, 4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbodithioc acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride, in rats by LC, Chromatographia, 2009, 70: 1721-1725
33. Wenjing Chen , Ke Mou, Bo Xu, Xiaomei Ling*, Jingrong Cui, Ping Xu, Capillary electrophoresis for screening of 20S proteasome inhibitors, Analytical Biochemistry, 2009, 394(11): 62-67
34. Zhe Sun, Xiaomei Ling*, Yingmei Zhang, Linjie Tian, Ying Wang, Interactions of the peptides from secreted human CKLF1 and the N-terminal extracellular tail of CCR4 analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis, Chromatographia, 2009, 70(1/2): 287-292
35. Wenjing Chen, Xiaomei Ling*, Advances of methods of protein immobilization on capillary, Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2009, 37(6): 929–934.
36. Yihao Bai, Zhen Chen, Xiaomei Ling*, Runtao Li, Jingrong Cui, Determination of Chloride 3-Methyl-9-(2-oxa-2k5-2H-1,3,2- Oxazaphosphorine-Cyclohexyl)-3,6,9- Triazaspiro [5.5] Undecane (SLXM-2) in Rats by LC:Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study, Chromatographia, 2009, 69(1-2): 111-115
37. Shuyu Zhang, Ting Yin, Xiaomei Ling*, Hong Liang, Yuying Zhao, Interactions between thrombin and natural products of Millettia speciosa Champ. using capillary zone, Electrophoresis, 2008, 29(16): 3391-3397
38. Yi Liu, Shuyu Zhang, Xiaomei Ling*, Yuzhen Li, Yingmei Zhang, Wenling Han, Ying Wang, Analysis of the interactions between the peptides from secreted human CKLF1 and heparin using capillary zone electrophoresis, Journal of Peptide Science, 2008, 14(8): 984-988
39. Yi Liu, Wujie Li, Xiaomei Ling*, Xianyin Lai, Yuzhen Li, Qingying Zhang, Yuying Zhao, Simultaneous Determination of the Active Ingredients in Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus by CZE, Chromatographia, 2008, 67(9-10): 819-823
40. Detao Kong, Xiaomei Ling*, Fangbin Han, Zemei Ge, and Jingrong Cui, Identification of the metabolite and cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in rat liver microsomal metabolism of TM208, Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2008, 17(1): 30-34.
41. Zhe Sun, Xiaomei Ling*, Wei Sun, Junhai Xiao, Caihua Yin, Ying Wang,Studies on the interactions between lactam analogs and the N-terminal extracellular tail of CC chemokine receptor 4 by CZE (p NA), Electrophoresis, 2007, 28(17): 3064-3069
42. Liu Yi,Xiaomei Ling*, Fan Hui, Zhong Yingcheng, Li Dan and Wang Ying. Determination of binding constant and binding region of programmed cell death 5-heparin by capillary zone electrophoresis,Journal of Chromatography A, 2007, 1143(1-2): 284-287.
43. Xiaomei Jiang, Xiaomei Ling*, Fangbin Han, Runtao Li, Jingrong Cui, Analysis of 4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbodithioic acid 3-cyano-3,3- diphenyl-propyl ester hydrochloride and its major metabolites in rat plasma and tissues by LC-MS/MS,Journal of Separation Science,2007, 30(13): 2080-2085.
44. Xiaomei Jiang, Xiaomei Ling*, Fangbin Han,Detao Kong, Xiaoyan Liu, Runtao Li, Jingrong Cui, Studies on the metabolism of 4-methyl-piperazine-1- carbodithioc acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride in rat bile by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry.2007, 21(10): 1599-1605.
45. Xiaomei Jiang, Xiaomei Ling*, Fangbin Han, Runtao Li and Jingrong Cui,Studies on the metabolism of 4-methyl-piperazine- 1-carbodithioc acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride in rats by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2007, 44(5): 1127-1132.
46. Xiaomei Ling*, Yi Liu, Hui Fan, Yingcheng Zhong, Dan Li and Ying Wang, Studies on interactions of programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) and its related peptides with heparin by capillary zone electrophoresis, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2007, 387(3): 909-916.
47. Liu Yi, Shi Haiming, Sun Zhe, Xiaomei Ling*,and Tu Pengfei, Enantiomer separationof the four diastereomers of guaiacyl glycerol from Hydnocarpus annamensisby capillary electrophoresis with HP-β-CD as chiral selector, Journal of Chromatography Science, 2007, 45(9): 605-609.
48. 凌笑梅*, 刘一, 赖先银, 张媛, 刘晓明, 屠鹏飞, 赵玉英, 崔景荣, 采用毛细管电泳方法以凝血酶为靶筛选天然药物提取化合物, 高等学校化学学报,2007, 28(2): 234-237.
49. Yi Liu, Haiming Shi, Zhe Sun,Xiaomei Ling* and Pengfei Tu, Enantiomer separation of the four stereoisomers of 1-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxy)-phenyl-2- [4-(1,2,3-trihydroxy-propyl)-2-methoxy]-phenoxy-1,3-propandiol from Hydnocarpus annamensis by capillary zone electrophoresis with HP-β-CD as chiral selector, Chromatographia, 2006, 64(7-8): 483-486.
50. Yi Liu, Xianyin Lai, Xiaomei Ling*, Yuying Zhao and Jingrong Cui, Interactions Between Thrombin with Flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus by CZE, Chromatographia, 2006, 64(1-2): 45-50.
51. Liu Yi, Zhang Yuan, Liu Xiaoming, Xiaomei Ling*,Tu Pengfei, and Cui Jingrong, Interactions between thrombin and natural proudcts of Coreopsis tinctoria Nuttt. &Cistanche deserticola Ma. in capillary zone electrophoresis, Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2006, 15(1): 38-44.
52. 刘一,凌笑梅*,崔景荣. 毛细管电泳技术在研究生物分子间相互作用和药物筛选中的应用, 药物分析杂志,2006, 26(9): 1350-1357
53. 姜小梅,凌笑梅*,李润涛,崔景荣. 高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱法分析大鼠体内4-甲基哌嗪-1-二硫代甲酸-(3-氰基-3,3-二苯基)丙酯盐酸盐及其主要代谢物,药学学报,2006,41(11):













相关话题/北京大学 药学院

  • 领限时大额优惠券,享本站正版考研考试资料!
    大额优惠券
    优惠券领取后72小时内有效,10万种最新考研考试考证类电子打印资料任你选。涵盖全国500余所院校考研专业课、200多种职业资格考试、1100多种经典教材,产品类型包含电子书、题库、全套资料以及视频,无论您是考研复习、考证刷题,还是考前冲刺等,不同类型的产品可满足您学习上的不同需求。 ...
    本站小编 Free壹佰分学习网 2022-09-19
  • 北京大学药学院导师教师师资介绍简介-王超
    ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2020-04-14
  • 北京大学药学院导师教师师资介绍简介-王璇
    王璇 : 北京大学药学院药物分析学教授,博士生导师。 在北京大学药学院相继获得理学学士和硕士学位后赴日本留学,在日本获得博士学位。目前任国家药典委员会委员,国家中医药局中药分析学重点学科体内药物分析方向的负责人,中华中医药学会中药分析委员会副秘书长和北京药学会药物分析分会委员,Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 和《中国中药杂志》编委。九三学社北京大学第二委员会委 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2020-04-14
  • 北京大学药学院导师教师师资介绍简介-梁磊
    梁 磊理学博士,副教授,硕士生导师电话:+86- 邮箱:leiliang@bjmu.edu.cn学习经历2000.9-2004.7 四川大学化学学院(理学学士)2004.9-2009.7 四川大学&伊利诺依大学厄巴纳—香槟分校(联合培养博士)工作经历2009.7-2011.6 北京大学化学与分子工程学院(博士后)2011.7-2014.7 北京大学药学院讲师2014.8-至今 北京大学药学院副教授 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2020-04-14
  • 北京大学药学院导师教师师资介绍简介-牛彦
    理学博士,副教授,硕士生导师办公电话: +86- 电子邮箱:yanniu@bjmu.edu.cn学习经历2015.9-2016.9 德国康斯坦茨大学化学生物学与药理学系 访问学者2013.8-今 北京大学药学院 药物化学系副教授,硕士生导师;2007.8-2013.7北京大学药学院 药物化学系讲师;2002.9-2007.7北京大学药学院 化学生物学专业博士;1998.9-2002.7北京大学药学 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2020-04-14
  • 北京大学药学院导师教师师资介绍简介-李庆
    李庆:副教授,硕士生导师电话:E-mail: qli@bjmu.edu.cn通信地址:北京市海淀区学院路38号药学楼522室 邮编:1001911983.9-1987.7,兰州大学化学系有机化学专业,学士学位;1987.8-1991.11,大庆石油化工总厂研究院,助理工程师;1991.11-1996.8,大庆油田设计院,工程师;1993.9-1996.7,天津大学化学系精细化工专业,硕士学位;19 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2020-04-14
  • 北京大学药学院导师教师师资介绍简介-吴艳芬
    理学博士,副教授,硕士生导师;药物化学系副主任办公电话: **电子邮箱: wuyanfen@pku.edu.cn个人简历2008-至今北京大学医学部药学院药物化学副教授;2006.9-2007.8 美国加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校药学院访问学者;2001-2008 北京大学医学部药学院药物化学系讲师;1998-2001 北京大学医学部药学院药物化学系博士研究生;1989-1998 北京医科大学药学院药 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2020-04-14
  • 北京大学药学院导师教师师资介绍简介-王欣
    王欣,博士,副教授、硕士生导师。科研:主要研究方向为杂环药物的设计、合成及生物活性研究;有机小分子催化及有机合成新方法的研究。已在Chem. Commun.,J. Org. Chem.,Org. Biomol. Chem.,Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., Tetrahedron,等国际杂志发表文章四十余篇,申请多项专利。主持或参与多项国家自然科学基金项目,《哌嗪季铵盐类非成瘾性 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2020-04-14
  • 北京大学药学院导师教师师资介绍简介-葛泽梅
    葛泽梅:副教授,硕士生导师。Tel: E-mail: zmge@bjmu.edu.cn通讯地址:北京市海淀区学院路38号药学楼504室 邮编:100191多年来一直从事有机化学、药物化学、化学生物学的科研与教学工作。主要研究方向为基于作用机制的杂环类化合物的设计、合成、合成方法及生物活性研究。已主持完成国家自然科学基金2项,作为主要参加者完成国家自然科学基金3项以及“973”子课题等。目前主持或承 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2020-04-14
  • 北京大学药学院导师教师师资介绍简介-黄健
    黄 健: 博士,副教授 E-Mail jhuang@bjmu.edu.cn地址北京市海淀区学院路38号药学院306室 邮编1001911995 年毕业于兰州大学,获理学学士学位; 1998年毕业于兰州大学,获理学硕士学位; 2005年毕业于北京大学,获药物化学博士学位; 2005年至今在北京大学药学院化学生物学系无机化学专业。 研究方向:细胞无机化学和无机药物化学;研究骨质疏松的发病机制和药物预防 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2020-04-14
  • 北京大学药学院导师教师师资介绍简介-王孝伟
    王孝伟: 副教授,硕士生导师。电话:(010)-**E-mail: xiaoweiwang@bjmu.edu.cn通讯地址:北京市海淀区学院路38号北京大学药学院邮编:1001911988年毕业于北京医科大学药学院,同年留校从事有机化学的教学与科研工作。历任北京大学药学院助教、讲师、副教授。2008年在日本进修。在此期间,参与了多项课题的研究,其中包括与北京市科委下属研究所合作的紫杉醇的半合成;糖 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2020-04-14