The Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (hereinafter called Belt and Road) initiative was proposed in 2013. The comprehensive protection of the ecological environment of the Belt and Road region for Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (SDGs 2030) presents a challenge. Remote Sensing technology plays an important role in the monitoring and assessment of the ecological environment. In this research, the ecological environment status of the Belt and Road region in 2015 was monitored and analyzed as baseline of the SDGs 2030 by using multiscale, multisource remote sensing data. Several important ecological environmental issues of concern in SDGs 2030 were investigated, including macroscopic ecosystem patterns, vegetation status, solar energy resource distribution, water resource balance, main ecological environmental constraint factors on economic corridor construction, and major urban ecological quality. The monitored areas include Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania along the Belt and Road region. Results of this study provide useful basis for policy decision making in eco-environmental evaluation and protection and for the scientific implementation of the Belt and Road initiative.

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