雷小琼,
鲁兴林,
肖继文,
马振宁,
钱荣毅^,,
张贵宾
中国地质大学(北京), "地下信息探测技术与仪器"教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083

基金项目: 科技部重大专项——横穿龙门山地震反射剖面探测及深部构造的地震解释（3-3-2009-35）项目资助


详细信息

作者简介: 雷小琼, 女, 1986年生, 博士研究生, 主要从事硬岩区深反射地震资料处理方法研究.E-mail:qiongqiong5945@163.com

通讯作者: 钱荣毅, 男, 1971年生, 副教授, 主要从事地震勘探和环境与工程方向的研究.E-mail:rongyiqian@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P315;P631

收稿日期:2018-03-09
修回日期:2018-04-17
上线日期:2018-05-05

The study on 3-D processing technology of deep reflection seismic data across the WFSD-2 drill hole in the seismogenic structural zone of the Wenchuan earthquake

LEI XiaoQiong,
LU XingLin,
XIAO JiWen,
MA ZhenNing,
QIAN RongYi^,,
ZHANG GuiBin
China University of Geosciences, Key Laboratory of Geo-detection, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China



More Information

Corresponding author: QIAN RongYi,E-mail:rongyiqian@cugb.edu.cn

MSC: P315;P631

--> Received Date: 09 March 2018
Revised Date: 17 April 2018
Available Online: 05 May 2018


摘要
摘要:2008年5月12日汶川发生里氏8.0级地震的发震机制与龙门山断裂带的构造特征紧密相关，应用反射地震探测方法精细探测发震构造内部的结构特征，对研究汶川地震的发震机理有重要意义.5.12地震后在地表错断最剧烈的区域之一虹口乡白庙村穿过发震构造和深钻科研井WSFD-1和WSFD-2布置了兼顾浅中深层信息的反射地震探测剖面，该区域断裂带硬岩出露，地形地貌复杂多变，起伏剧烈，只能采取弯线地震测线布设方式采集二维反射地震数据，而且弯曲度大，造成CDP点分散严重.区域内构造复杂，褶皱逆推构造发育，地层和构造倾角大，采用常规二维地震数据处理方法进行叠加处理时，易将不同地层的反射信息叠加到同一反射层.弯线叠加剖面上侧面波，混波干扰严重，会显著地降低原本低信噪比数据的分辨率，或剖面可靠性低，容易在二维剖面中造成解释陷阱.本文利用弯线地震采集的三维特性，用拟三维地震叠加技术处理汶川地震科学钻井附近横跨北川—映秀断裂带的二维弯线地震数据，弥补常规二维弯线地震数据处理技术的不足，将不同地层的反射信息分离归位到不同的三维叠加剖面上，解决二维弯线地震数据处理时混波干扰严重的难题.通过理论分析和实验选取合适的共中心点面元，获得了高分辨率的三维叠加剖面.相比于二维弯线叠加剖面，三维叠加剖面切片成像更真实，剔除了不同地层反射信息混叠的影响，能得到更准确的断点信息，并可以获得沿断层走向横向的信息，显著提高了构造解释的可靠性和精度.应用拟三维地震数据处理方法处理龙门山断裂带的二维弯线地震数据，获取高分辨率的构造信息，有利于断裂带内汶川地震发震机制和龙门山隆起机制的解释.
关键词: 汶川地震/
发震构造/
弯线地震探测/
3-D叠加

Abstract:The generation mechanism of the 2008 M_W8.0 Wenchuan earthquake is closely related to the structural features of the Longmen Shan fault zone. Application of reflection seismic exploration method to detect the internal structural features of this fault zone is of great significance to understanding the cause of the Wenchuan earthquake. After this great shock, we deployed a reflection seismic profile through the Baimiao village, which is one of the most dramatic areas of surface rupture. The seismic survey line passed through the seismogenic structure and permitted to collect the structural information of the shallow-middle-deep reflection. There are complex landform and topographic relief in the Longmen Shan fault zone, so the seismic data only can be acquired with the crooked seismic survey line. And the bending degree of the crooked seismic survey line is large, which causes the CDP point to be dispersed seriously. There are complex structure, fold thrusts and steeply dipping strata in this region. It is easily to stack reflection information of different strata to the same reflection layer when using the conventional 2-D seismic data processing method to stack the data. It has serious lateral reflection waves and mixture waves in crooked stack section, which will greatly reduce the resolution of the raw low ratio of signal to noise data and cause low reliability and the explanation trap in the 2-D crooked seismic stack section. In this paper, with the 3-D characteristics of the crooked line acquisition, the pesudo 3-D seismic data processing method is applied to process the 2-D crooked seismic data which was acquired across the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault near the Wenchuan earthquake scientific drilling. We use the pesudo 3-D seismic data stack and processing method to make up for the shortage of conventional 2-D crooked seismic data processing technology. In these processes, the reflection information from different strata is separated to different 3-D stack sections, which can solve the problem of serious mixture waves caused by 2-D crooked seismic processing. We can obtain a high-resolution 3-D seismic stack section through theoretical analysis and experiment to choose the appropriate common middle point element. Compared with the 2-D crooked seismic stack section, imaging of the 3-D seismic stack section slices is more realistic. It can eliminate the influence of mixture waves from different formations, obtain more accurate breakpoint information and lateral information along the fault, and greatly improve the reliability and accuracy of the structural interpretation from the 3-D seismic stack sections. The application of the pesudo 3-D seismic data processing method to the 2-D crooked seismic data acquired from the Longmen Shan fault zone can obtain the high-resolution tectonic information. Our work will be helpful to explain the generation mechanism of the Wenchuan earthquake as well as the uplift mechanism of the Longmen Shan.
Key words:Wenchuan earthquake/
Co-seismic tectonic/
Crooked seismic exploration/
3-D stack



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