王小芳^1,2,,
邴海健¹,
吴艳宏^1,,,
祝贺¹,
周俊¹
1. 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 中国科学院山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室, 四川 成都 610041
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目（批准号：41630751）、中国科学院青年创新促进会项目（批准号：2017424）和四川省科技计划项目（批准号：18YYJC0163）共同资助


详细信息

作者简介: 王小芳, 女, 24岁, 硕士研究生, 自然地理专业, E-mail:wangxf@imde.ac.cn

通讯作者: 吴艳宏, E-mail:yhwu@imde.ac.cn

中图分类号: P595;S151;P534.63⁺2

收稿日期:2019-05-02
修回日期:2019-07-18
刊出日期:2019-09-30

Chemical weathering and development of soil in the retreat area of Hailuogou glacier since the end of the Little Ice Age

Wang Xiaofang^1,2,,
Bing Haijian¹,
Wu Yanhong^1,,,
Zhu He¹,
Zhou Jun¹
1. The Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049


More Information

Corresponding author: Wu Yanhong,E-mail:yhwu@imde.ac.cn

MSC: P595;S151;P534.63⁺2

--> Received Date: 02 May 2019
Revised Date: 18 July 2019
Publish Date: 30 September 2019


摘要
摘要:选择海螺沟冰川退缩区，对冰川退缩年龄分别为0年、30年、40年、52年、80年、120年的样点按土壤发生层分层采集样品，通过分析样品的化学风化速率及理化性质变化，探讨小冰期结束以来土壤发育过程及影响因素，并评估不同阶段土壤质量。结果表明，退缩区前40年样点中主要以碳酸盐风化为主，80年后硅酸盐风化作用增强。土壤长期风化速率随土壤年龄呈现升高-降低-升高的趋势，52年样点长期风化速率最低，为48.06 cmol/（m² ·a），矿物组成和气候是影响土壤风化速率的重要原因。土壤的粒度组成以砂粒为主，多数样点占比约为80%~90%。随着土壤年龄增加，容重值和pH减小，pH从8.54减小到5左右；土层厚度、土壤有机质（SOC）及总氮（TN）含量增加，这些土壤理化指标的快速变化表明冰川退缩区土壤发育迅速。适宜的温度、充足的降水以及快速的植被演替可能是退缩区土壤快速发育的原因。模糊数学法计算土壤质量的结果显示，除了0年样点，其余样点土壤质量指数（SQI）均大于0.4，说明退缩区土壤质量状况整体属于中等水平，土壤肥力状况较好。研究结果有助于揭示土壤矿物风化过程和土壤发育的影响因素，理解土壤发育机制。
关键词: 土壤发育/
土壤矿物风化/
土壤质量/
冰川退缩区/
贡嘎山

Abstract:As the global warming, glaciers quickly retreat. Since the end of the Little Ice Age, the Hailuogou Glacier on the Gongga Mountain in the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been continuously retreated. On the moraine soil was evolved based on the mineral weathering. The Hailuogou Glacier in Gongga Mountain (29°20'~30°20'N, 101°30'~102°15'E) retreated area was selected in this study. Soil samples of O, A, and C layers of glacial retreat ages of 0, 30 a, 40 a, 52 a, 80 a, and 120 a were collected according to the soil horizon, and the mineral composition and physicochemical properties of soil were analyzed. The long-term weathering rate of the samples was estimated by cation depletion method. The soil development process and impact factors were discussed. The fuzzy mathematics was used to evaluate the soil quality at different stages.
The results show that the mineral weathering in the first 40 years after glacial retreat is mainly carbonate weathering, and the silicate weathering enhanced after 80 years. The long-term weathering rate of the soil showed a trend of increase-decrease-increase. The long-term weathering rate of 52-year sample was the lowest, which was 48.06cmol/(m²·a). Mineral composition and climate were important factors impacting soil weathering rate. The grain size composition of the soil is dominated by sand, and the proportion of sand in most samples is about 80% to 90%. As the soil age increased, the bulk density and pH decreased, the pH decreased from 8.54 to about 5, and the soil organic matter and total nitrogen content increased. The rapid changes of these physicochemical properties of soil indicated that the soil developed rapidly in the glacier retreating area. Proper temperature, adequate precipitation, and rapid vegetation succession might be responsible for the rapid development of the soil. The results of fuzzy mathematics for calculating soil quality showed that the soil quality index was greater than 0.4 except for the 0-year sample, which indicated that the soil quality status in the retreating area was moderate and the soil fertility was better.
Key words:soil development/
mineral weathering/
soil quality/
glacier retreat area/
Gongga Mountain



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