王超^1,2,,
王龙³,
曹洪勇³,
张永兵³,
蒋洪恩^2,1,,
1. 中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室, 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所, 北京 100044
2. 中国科学院大学人文学院考古学与人类学系, 北京 100049
3. 新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番学研究院, 新疆 吐鲁番 838000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41672171）和中国科学院大学校所合作项目"新疆史前旱作农业的发生与发展过程研究"（批准号：校所-56）共同资助


详细信息

作者简介: 王超, 男, 27岁, 硕士研究生, 科技考古专业, E-mail:wangchao414@mails.ucas.ac.cn

通讯作者: 蒋洪恩, E-mail:jianghongen@ucas.ac.cn

中图分类号: K878

收稿日期:2017-10-12
修回日期:2018-01-16
刊出日期:2018-03-30

Studies on the crop processing of naked barley of Early Iron Age in ancient Turpan of Xinjiang

Wang Chao^1,2,,
Wang Long³,
Cao Hongyong³,
Zhang Yongbing³,
Jiang Hong'en^2,1,,
1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
2. Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3. Academia Turfanica, Turpan 838000, Xinjiang


More Information

Corresponding author: Jiang Hong'en,E-mail:jianghongen@ucas.ac.cn

MSC: K878

--> Received Date: 12 October 2017
Revised Date: 16 January 2018
Publish Date: 30 March 2018


摘要
摘要:本研究选取新疆吐鲁番苏贝希文化具有代表性的洋海墓地、胜金店墓地及鱼儿沟遗址出土的青稞遗存为研究材料，并结合现代青稞原始脱粒模拟实验，初步探讨吐鲁番早铁器时代先民的青稞脱粒方式。本研究选择了手搓、徒手摔打、木棍击打等3种原始脱粒方法，统计所产生的青稞副产品的组合比例及形态，然后将结果与青稞遗存进行比较。研究发现：洋海墓地、胜金店墓地及鱼儿沟遗址出土的青稞遗存多为破碎断裂的穗轴且形态扁平，与木棍击打所产生的外观形态较为相似；穗轴的破碎状态及破碎程度同样与现代模拟实验木棍击打的结果极为接近。综上证明，吐鲁番早铁器时代的先民可能使用木棍击打的方法对青稞进行脱粒。
关键词: 苏贝希文化/
谷物加工/
洋海墓地/
胜金店墓地/
鱼儿沟遗址

Abstract:Many plant remains are well preserved in the archaeological sites or cemeteries in Turpan of Xinjiang due to the dry environment there. In the present study, well-preserved chaff remains of naked barley were excavated from three sites representative of the Subeixi culture(1000 BC~100 A.D.):Yanghai cemetery(42°48'N, 89°39'E), Shengjindian cemetery(42°56'N, 89°11'E), and the Yu'ergou site(42°29'N, 87°52'E). Based on our observation, all the barley remains were in a compressed condition. Furthermore, no complete ear was discovered. All fragments we observed consisted of smaller clusters spikelets. We classified these as either of two types:1)Short fragments with 1 or 2 spikelets(50.9%~61.3% frequency); and 2)long fragments retaining 3 or more spikelets(38.7%~49.1% frequency)(see Table 1).
We designed a simulation experiment to study the crop processing of naked barley with primary emphasis on the threshing method. We collected modern specimens from the Tibetan Plateau and processed them using three primitive methods:hand rubbing, hand tossing, and stick striking. Nearly all ears maintained a complete set of spikelets in simulations involving hand rubbing and hand tossing. In contrast, ears threshed by stick striking separated into fragments with a spikelet distribution similar to those found in the ancient collections. In the modern simulation involving stick striking, 43% of fragments were classified as short and 57% as long. This pattern closely matches those observed in the archaeological remain. Thus, we infer that the indigenous people of Turpan threshed naked barley using a stick striking method in the early Iron Age.
Key words:Subeixi culture/
crop processing/
Yanghai cemetery/
Shengjindian cemetery/
Yu'ergou site



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