苗运法^1,,
吴福莉^2,3,
方小敏^2,3,4,
王梓莎¹
1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000
2. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所, 大陆碰撞与 高原隆升实验室, 北京 100101
3. 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心, 北京 100101
4. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

基金项目: 中国科学院国际合作局对外合作重点项目（批准号：131C11KYSB20160072）、国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41620104002和41772181）和中国科学院青年创新促进会专项项目（批准号：2014383）共同资助


详细信息

作者简介: 苗运法, 男, 39岁, 副研究员, 孢粉学与环境变化研究, E-mail:miaoyunfa@lzb.ac.cn

中图分类号: P534.62⁺1;Q914.83

收稿日期:2017-08-27
修回日期:2017-11-15
刊出日期:2018-01-30

Preliminary exploration of the fungal spores in Qaidam Basin, north Tibetan Plateau during the Miocene period

Miao Yunfa^1,,
Wu Fuli^2,3,
Fang Xiaomin^2,3,4,
Wang Zisha¹
1. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu
2. Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
3. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049


MSC: P534.62⁺1;Q914.83

--> Received Date: 27 August 2017
Revised Date: 15 November 2017
Publish Date: 30 January 2018


摘要
摘要:孢粉学-气候环境变化研究往往只注重高等植物孢子花粉（孢粉）的组合变化，对孢粉提取物中通常存在的一类低等植物孢子菌孢子的报道却很少，其类型和含量变化特征以及可能蕴含的古气候环境信息有待发掘。位于青藏高原北部的柴达木盆地西部（柴西）中新世KC-1孔是探讨晚新生代亚洲内陆气候环境变化的重要钻孔，本文首次建立了该钻孔中菌孢子的变化序列并尝试探讨其气候环境指示意义。结果表明：菌孢子类型较为单调，以单体型（single-celled）为主，其他类型比如双体型（double-celled）和多体型（multi-celled）含量很少；菌孢子浓度变化在18~5 Ma之间整体呈现增加趋势。推测这种增加的趋势可能与持续变干的气候有关，即在变干背景下，湖体盐度的增高增强了还原环境，从而有利于菌孢子的保存。其中，菌孢子浓度在14 Ma和10 Ma呈现两阶段增加的特征，前者与全球中中新世气候最佳期的结束对应；后者则与该地区进一步的变干以及青藏高原强烈的构造运动导致沉积环境更加有利于菌孢子的富集有关。综上，菌孢子的含量变化可能同样有利于解译过去气候环境变化，是孢粉学研究中不宜忽略的部分。
关键词: 青藏高原/
中新世/
菌孢子/
环境变化

Abstract:The traditional researches of the palynology-climate and environmental changes tend to focus on the spores and pollen (sporopollen)of higher plant, while the fungal spores usually existing in the pollen extracts as lower plant spores are rarely reported, and the characteristics of its types and contents together with their information of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment are undiscovered. The Miocene lacustrine-dominated KC-1 core, drilled to a depth of 3435 m in the western part of the Qaidam Basin (at 38°03'N, 91°45'E; elevation 2820 m a.s.l.), is important to explore the paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental changes of Inner Asia during the Late Cenozoic (ca. 18~5 million years), and the fungal spores discovered in this core will firstly establish the evolutionary series of the fungi in this area. A total of 58 samples from this core have been extracted followed the methods of palynological analysis. Samples of approximately ca. 60 g of sediment were treated with 10% HCl and 39% HF to remove carbonates and silica; separation of the palynomorphs from the residue was carried out using a 10-μm nylon sieve; finally, the palynomorphs were mounted in glycerin jelly. The statistics of the fungal spores were classified according to the number of cells, and the concentration was calculated using the weight methods (in dry weight)by initially adding a known number of Lycopodium clavatum to each sample. The results show that fungal spores are simple in type, mainly single-celled, while other types such as double-celled and multi-celled are rare; the change of fungal spore concentrations show an overall increase trend during 18~5 Ma. This increased trend may be related to the continuous aridification trend, that is, under the background of aridification, the increase of salinity in the lake can enhance the strength of the reducing environment, which is beneficial for the preservation of fungal spores. There are two rapid changes of the fungus spore concentrations at ca. 14 Ma and 10 Ma, from averaged ca.4 grains/g to ca. 8 grains/g and then ca.15 grains/g. The increase at ca.14 Ma is corresponding to the end of the global Mid-Miocene Climate Optimum; then the increase at ca.10 Ma is related to the further drying and the strong tectonic movements of the northern Tibetan Plateau, which are eventually helpful for the fungus spores enrichments. It can be seen that fungus spores are conductive to the analysis of paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental changes, and in future it will be very interesting to detailedly study the fungal in the palynofacies.
Key words:Tibetan Plateau/
Miocene/
fungal spores/
paleoenvironment



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