摘要:四川盆地具有演化历史长、沉积盖层厚度大、油气资源丰富等特点，是我国大型含油气盆地之一。上扬子地区中、晚二叠世之间的峨眉山地幔柱活动改变了四川盆地古地理格局，造成地壳的快速抬升，盆地西南地区地壳抬升幅度最大，呈现古剥蚀高地，往北东方向的影响逐渐减弱，从而导致沉积环境自西南向北东由单一的海相依次转变为陆相、海陆过渡相至海相沉积。本文讨论了峨眉山大火成岩省的形成过程及对四川盆地油气储层的影响，认为峨眉山大火成岩省对四川盆地油气储层的影响主要体现在两个阶段、3种影响作用方式。两个阶段是指中二叠世末期和晚二叠世—早三叠世时期。3种方式是指峨眉山地幔柱导致的地壳抬升对下伏中二叠统灰岩储层的改造作用，表现为地幔柱核心区（大理—永仁）中二叠世地层发育风化壳岩溶型储层；峨眉山大火成岩省的火山喷发旋回对火山岩储层的空间发育的控制作用，发育了火山岩储层；峨眉山地幔柱活动控制的晚二叠世盆地构造格架对上覆沉积储层的控制作用，导致了峨眉山地幔柱外围伸展区（川东北—西北）发育海槽，控制了晚二叠世礁滩相沉积的发育等。峨眉山大火成岩省的形成过程不仅形成了优质的火山岩储层，同时也影响了沉积岩相的空间分布、改造了下伏碳酸盐岩的孔隙特征，进而控制了四川盆地的油气储层。
关键词: 峨眉山大火成岩省/
四川盆地/
油气储层/
控制作用/
二叠系
Abstract:Sichuan Basin is one of the largest petroliferous basins in China, which is characterized by long evolution history and large thickness of overlying strata above the basement. The activity of Emeishan mantle plume during the Middle and Late Permian in the Upper Yangtze region changed the palaeogeographic pattern of the Sichuan Basin, resulting in rapid crustal uplift, and the sedimentary environment of Sichuan Basin changed from marine facies to continental facies, ocean-continental transitional facies and marine facies from southwest to northeast. This paper discusses the influence of the formation process of Emeishan Large Igneous Province on oil and gas reservoirs in Sichuan Basin, and points out that the influence of Emeishan Large Igneous Province on oil and gas reservoirs in Sichuan Basin is mainly reflected in two stages and three influence modes. The two stages refer to the end of Middle Permian and the period from Late Permian to Early Triassic. The three methods refer to the reform of the underlying Middle Permian limestone reservoirs caused by the crust uplift caused by the Emeishan mantle plume, which shows that the weathering crust karst reservoirs developed in the Middle Permian strata in the core area of the Emeishan mantle plume(Southwest Sichuan). Volcanic reservoirs are developed because of the controlling effect of volcanic eruption cycle on the space development of volcanic reservoirs in Emeishan Large Igneous Province. The tectonic framework of the Late Permian basin controlled by the Emeishan mantle plume activity controlled the overlying sedimentary reservoirs, which led to the development of oceanic troughs in the peripheral extension area(NE to NW Sichuan) and controlled the development of reef-shoal facies deposits in the Late Permian. The formation process of Emeishan Large Igneous Province changed the pore characteristics and lithofacies development, and then controlled the oil and gas reservoirs.
Key words:Emeishan Large Igneous Province/
Sichuan Basin/
Oil and gas reservoirs/
Control action/
Permian
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