摘要:随着计算机、互联网和计算技术的迅猛发展，人类已经进入大数据时代，大数据也将改变人们对自然的理解和认知方式，改变科学研究的思想和方法，成为科学研究的新引擎。大数据体量之大并非其必要条件，通过对大量数据的挖掘，研究问题并做出正确决策才是大数据的精髓所在。大数据可以在社会各个领域广泛使用，大数据是通过对大量数据的分析研究问题、做出决策，这样一个概念、一种思想同时也是一种研究方法。大数据带给我们3 个颠覆性的观念改变：大数据研究的对象是全部数据（全样本，全变量）取代传统统计学的随机抽样；大数据研究的方法、手段是查明数据间相关关系取代传统的追求因果关系的研究方法；大数据研究的特点是取向高概率做出决策取代追求精确无误。因此，大数据的研究结果更加真实、有效、精确。?
关键词: 大数据/
全样本/
全变量/
深度挖掘/
结果/
真实/
有效
Abstract:With the rapid development of computer science, internet and computing techniques,mankind has entered the big data age.“Big data” will revolutionise the way people understand and cognize nature, change the ideas and methods of scientific research, it will become a new engine for scientific research. However large quantity of data is not necessary but sufficient condition to big data, its essence is to analyse problems and make the correct decisions by the way of data mining. Big data could be applied in various fields in the society, it’s a kind of thought or research method which analyse problems and make the correct decisions based on mass data. Big data has brought three aspects of the change of ideas：All the data（all samples,all variables）is the study object for big data instead of traditional random sampling in statistics; Exploring the correlation between data is the method and purpose of big data instead of studying the cause and effect of the matter; The research of big data is oriented to make decisions with high probability instead of getting exact results. Accordingly, researched results of big data are more efficacious and truer.?
Key words:Big data/
All samples/
All variables/
Data mining/
Results/
True/
Efficacious
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