Jun Wan
a. CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China;
b. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Funds: This work is supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC2000500), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB29020000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771481, 91857101, 81873548).
Received Date: 2021-07-31
Accepted Date:2021-08-12
Rev Recd Date:2021-08-09
Publish Date:2021-08-20
Abstract
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a group of innate immune cells, which constitute the first line of defense in the immune system, together with skin and mucous membrane. ILCs also play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body, particularly in the complex and diverse environment of the intestine. ILCs respond to different microenvironments, maintaining homeostasis directly or indirectly through cytokines. As a result, ILCs, with complex and pleiotropic characteristics, are associated with many gastrointestinal diseases. Their ability of transition among those subgroups makes them function as both promoting and inhibiting cells, thus affecting homeostasis and disease progressing to either alleviation or deterioration. With these special characteristics, ILCs theoretically can be used in the new generation of immunotherapy as an alternative and supplement to current tumor therapy. Our review summarizes the characteristics of ILCs with respect to category, function, and the relationship with intestinal homeostasis and gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, potential tumor immunotherapies involving ILCs are also discussed to shed light on the perspectives of immunotherapy.Keywords: Innate lymphoid cells,
Gastrointestinal diseases,
Colorectal cancer,
Intestinal homeostasis,
Cytokines,
Cancer immune therapy
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