Maria Namwanje
Lihong Fan
Li Qiang
1 Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
2 Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Funds: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R00DK97455 to L. Q., Pilot and Feasibility funding from the Diabetes Research Center to L.Q. (P30 DK063608), training grant to K. A. T (T32 DK007647-27).
Received Date: 2017-04-02
Rev Recd Date:2017-05-31
Abstract
Abstract
The induction of brown-like adipocyte development in white adipose tissue (WAT) confers numerous metabolic benefits by decreasing adiposity and increasing energy expenditure. Therefore, WAT browning has gained considerable attention for its potential to reverse obesity and its associated co-morbidities. However, this perspective has been tainted by recent studies identifying the detrimental effects of inducing WAT browning. This review aims to highlight the adverse outcomes of both overactive and underactive browning activity, the harmful side effects of browning agents, as well as the molecular brake-switch system that has been proposed to regulate this process. Developing novel strategies that both sustain the metabolic improvements of WAT browning and attenuate the related adverse side effects is therefore essential for unlocking the therapeutic potential of browning agents in the treatment of metabolic diseases.Keywords: adipocyte,
browning,
beige adipocyte,
thermogenesis,
obesity,
diabetes
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