摘要:为满足当前对京津冀地区霾研究和控制的迫切要求, 本文梳理了近年来京津冀地区霾的长期变化特征、天气学特征、污染物来源等相关研究成果, 发现:从2000年以后, 京津冀地区的霾日数呈现出了下降趋势;北京细颗粒物(PM2.5)质量浓度也在总体上呈现下降的趋势, 但2013年年均质量浓度仍高达89.5 μg m-3, 约为我国空气质量标准的3倍(35 μg m-3), 京津冀空气污染的形势依然严峻;近年来京津冀地区的霾污染事件频发可以归因为不利天气条件与大量污染物人为排放的共同作用;大量的研究表明, 区域输送对京津冀地区霾事件的形成和维持有不可忽视的影响;京津冀地区的大气污染不再局限于一时一地, 针对重污染天气的预警以及应急控制应该以区域预报为基础实现区域联动;京津冀地区独特的地理环境条件加上城市群的快速发展, 形成的局地大气环流也会对局地的污染过程产生重大的影响;大气边界层内气象要素的变化对重污染发生具有显著贡献。京津冀地区的污染控制需要城市群的联动应对治理。
关键词:京津冀地区/
霾/
细颗粒物(PM2.5)/
源解析/
污染控制
Abstract:Recent progress in understanding the haze formation over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area was systematically reviewed, including the long-term trend in haze days, the synoptic characteristics during haze formation periods, and source apportionment of the primary pollutant, PM2.5. The studies show that haze days in Beijing began to decline from 2000, as well as the mass concentration of PM2.5. However, the annual PM2.5 mass concentration for 2013 in Beijing was 89.5 μg m-3, i.e., almost three times the national standard (35 μg m-3). Thus, the heavy pollution over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area demands effective control. Studies also show that the frequent occurrence of haze over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area is caused by a combination of stable synoptic conditions and heavy pollutant emissions. The regional transport of pollutants plays an important role in regional haze episodes, and local atmospheric boundary layer processes over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area (mountain-valley breezes, sea-land breezes, and urban heat island) can result in accumulation of pollutants and exacerbating the local air quality. Additionally, a two-way feedback process between atmospheric boundary layer evolution and pollutants accumulation contributes substantially to the haze formation. To control the heavy pollution over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, joint efforts among the cities in this cluster are necessary.
Key words:Beijing?Tianjin?Hebei area/
Haze/
PM2.5/
Source apportionment/
Pollution prevention and control
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