摘要:利用地理信息系统技术与空间统计相结合的方法，研究了柳属物种多样性在中国区域尺度上的空间分布格局，并且采用逐步广义线性回归分析方法研究了柳属物种多样性与主要气候因子的关系。结果表明：1）柳属物种多样性在中国的分布格局表现为区域广泛，局部聚集：聚集区分布在新疆阿勒泰地区、东北地区和西南地区，其中西南分布区的青藏高原与横断山脉毗连处为中国柳属物种多样性分布中心。2）柳属物种多样性在经度、纬度、气温、降水、蒸散量等气候气候因子一维格局上的分布随着因子梯度先增加后减小，均存在一个最适区间。3）柳属物种多样性与水分因子呈正相关、与能量因子呈负相关关系。水分因子是影响柳属物种多样性的主导因子，能量与水分间的交互作用对物种多样性影响微弱。4）结论部分地支持了水-热动态假说和生态位保守假说，但柳属物种多样性格局成因并非由任何单一假说来完全地解释，这表明其他因子如历史因素、地形异质性、土壤因素或扰动等也可能是形成柳属物种多样性格局的重要因素。
关键词:分布格局/
分布中心/
物种多样性/
柳属气候
Abstract:The geographical distribution of the species diversity of the genus Salix L. in China is studied using the geographical information system and spatial statistics. The relationship between the Salix L. species diversity pattern and climate is analyzed using (stepwise) generalized linear regression analysis. The results show that:1) The genus Salix L. species is predominantly extensive on the regional scale and clustered on the local scale. The aggregation areas are located in northeastern and southwestern China and some areas of Altay Diqu in Xinjiang. 2) The diversity center of the Salix L. species is located in the adjacent area of the southwestern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and southern Hengduan Mountains in the latitudinal and longitudinal bands of (25°N-35°N, 95°E-105°E), with 19 sections including 173 species, accounting for more than 60% of the total in China. 3) The species richness of the Salix L. is the greatest, affected by single factor where the amount of energy or moisture is respectively optimized, and decreases as the amount of energy and moisture moves above or below the optimal condition. 4) Given the combined effect of energy and moisture, climate accounted for 44% (adjusted R2; P < 0.0001) of the Salix L. species diversity variation, and moisture is the dominant factor. Species diversity of Salix L. increases as the amount of moisture increases and the regression coefficient of mean annual precipitation is 0.66. The conclusion of this study partly supports the water-energy dynamic hypothesis and niche conservative hypothesis. However, the cause of the species diversity pattern of Salix L. species cannot be completely explained by any single hypothesis, which indicates that other factors like historical factors, terrain heterogeneity, soil factors or disturbances etc. are also important factors in shaping the diversity pattern of Salix L. species.
Key words:Distribution pattern/
Distribution center/
Species diversity/
Genus Salix L.
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