摘要:本文使用CMORPH卫星反演降水资料、日本再分析资料JRA-55和FY-2E卫星的云顶亮温（TBB）资料等，选取了登陆前后季风强度差异很大、路径形似且登陆后均在湘南地区引发强降水的0604号强热带风暴“碧利斯”和0708号台风“圣帕”，从对流发展的不稳定能量来源、抬升机制和环境风垂直切变方面进行对比，研究季风气流如何影响台风降水强度和分布。分析表明，在下垫面和地形基本一致的情况下，两台风导致强降水的主要成因不同，主要体现在引发对流并使对流维持的主要影响因子不同。与强季风背景密切相关的低层强烈辐合抬升和对流不稳定层结是导致“碧利斯”暴雨形成的主要因素，而弱季风背景下“圣帕”的暴雨则主要是局地地形抬升和斜压不稳定导致的。而且与“圣帕”降水相比，“碧利斯”降水存在明显的非对称性，季风气流可间接通过改变环境风垂直切变导致这种降水分布特征。
关键词:台风/
季风/
降水分布/
对流
Abstract:From the aspects of unstable energy sources for convective development, uplifting mechanism, and vertical shear of environmental wind, this work studies how the monsoon flow affects the intensity and distribution of typhoon precipitation. For this, CMORPH (CPC morphing technique) satellite data product obtained from the CPC’s (Climate Prediction Center) morphing technique, JRA-55 (55-year-old Japanese reanalysis products), and TBB (blackbody brightness temperature) data from the FY-2E (FengYun-2E) satellite were used, and the strong monsoon-influenced case 0604 “Bilis” and weak monsoon-influenced case 0708 “Sepat”, which have similar paths and cause heavy precipitation in the southern area of the Hunan Province after landfall, were selected. The analysis showed that with a similar underlying surface and topography, the main causes of heavy precipitation of the two cases are different. This is mainly reflected in the factors that induce and maintain convection. The strong convergent updraft and convective instability under the strong monsoon background were the main factors leading to the heavy rain of “Bilis”, while the rainstorm of “Sepat” was mainly due to the local orographic lift and baroclinic instability under the weak monsoon background. Moreover, the precipitation of “Bilis” was obviously asymmetric, which indicated that the monsoon flow could lead to asymmetric precipitation by changing the vertical shear of the environmental wind indirectly.
Key words:Typhoon/
Monsoon/
Precipitation distribution/
Convective
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