摘要:长白山地处吉林省东南部，作为国家级重点生态功能区，其降水变化特征对该地森林生态系统和水资源结构变化有重要影响。本文基于1979～2016年吉林省47个台站逐月降水资料，探究了长白山天池站夏季降水的气候特征及其相关的环流异常，并与吉林省降水进行对比。分析结果表明天池夏季降水量以及年际变率高出吉林省其它站点一倍左右。此外，天池降水年际变化对应的环流异常与吉林省降水一致，即6月东北亚气旋式异常和东亚高空急流的增强，以及7、8月西太平洋副热带高压增强和东亚高空西风急流偏北，均可引起吉林省和天池降水偏多。另一方面，天池降水变异还表现出其独特的环流异常，与吉林省降水对应的环流异常显著不同或者甚至近乎相反，究其原因为长白山地形所致。本文的结果说明山地的气候和大气环流的关系复杂、多变。
关键词:长白山天池/
降水/
年际变化/
环流/
夏季
Abstract:The Changbai Mountains are located in the southeastern part of Jilin Province. Rainfall has a crucial effect on the forest ecosystem and water resource in the Changbai Mountains, which is a national key ecological function area. Based on the monthly precipitation data from 47 stations in Jilin Province and the ERA-Interim monthly reanalysis data from 1979 to 2016, we investigated the climate characteristics of summer precipitation at the Tianchi station in the Changbai Mountains and circulation anomalies associated with the interannual variation of rainfall at this station and compared the Tianchi station with the other stations in Jilin Province. Results show that summer precipitation at the Tianchi station and its interannual variation are approximately two times larger than that at other stations in Jilin Province. On one hand, the circulation anomalies associated with the interannual variation of precipitation at the Tianchi station are consistent with those for the entire Jilin Province. The circulation anomalies that favor more rainfall at the Tianchi station and the entire Jilin Province are characterized by a cyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia and an enhanced East Asian jet stream in June and an enhanced western Pacific subtropical high and a northward-displaced East Asian jet stream in July and August. On the other hand, precipitation at the Tianchi station is associated with unique circulation anomalies, which are quite different or nearly opposite to precipitation in the entire Jilin Province, and can be attributed to the terrain of the Changbai Mountains. The results indicate that climate variability in the mountains can be related to the complicated and varying patterns of large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies.
Key words:Tianchi in Changbai Mountains/
Precipitation/
Interannual variation/
Circulation/
Summer
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