摘要:二次有机气溶胶（SOA）是大气中重要的气溶胶组分，主要由挥发性有机物（VOCs）经化学转化形成，对天气、气候、大气环境和人体健康有重要影响，但至今其确切的化学成分和形成机制还十分不清楚。研究SOA的方法主要采用实验室单个物种或多物种的化学过程的模拟研究，野外实际大气的SOA化学成分、源汇和多尺度分析的观测研究，以及大气中SOA形成的数值模拟的回报和预报研究。实验室研究是对SOA形成过程中获取基础数据和推究SOA生成机制的最主要手段。在过去的几十年中，特别是近五年，SOA的研究取得了较大的进展，其中包括SOA前体物、SOA形成机制及影响因子的进一步理解。本文就这些方面展开了概要性的综述，重点强调了我国研究人员所做的研究工作。在采用实验室烟雾箱系统模拟研究SOA方面，首先简述了烟雾系统的发展以及表征，讨论了跟烟雾箱箱体相关的壁效应问题，重点综述了萜烯类、芳香烃类、小分子类等化学物种转化形成SOA的研究进展。在采用流动管和其他反应器类模拟研究SOA方面，重点讨论了挥发性有机物在颗粒物表面或在液相中所形成的SOA的主要化学成分及其可能的作用。
关键词:二次有机气溶胶/
烟雾箱系统/
生成机制/
非均相反应/
挥发性有机物
Abstract:SOA (secondary organic aerosol) is an important component of aerosols, which forms from the chemical conversion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere and imposes great influence on weather, climate, atmospheric environment, and human health. However, so far the exact chemical composition and formation mechanism of SOA are still not clear. The approaches for the study of SOA include laboratory simulation of chemical conversion processes of individual species or multiple species, observational study of the chemical composition, sources and sinks, multiple scale analysis of SOA from the real atmosphere and hindcast and prediction studies of the formation of SOA in the atmosphere by numerical simulations. Laboratory studies are a main tool for obtaining basic parameters of the SOA formation and examining the formation mechanism for SOA. Over the last several decades, particularly in the recent five years, great progress has been made in the research of formation of SOA, including further understanding of SOA precursors, formation mechanisms for SOA and its influencing factors. This paper briefly reviews the progress on these aspects with a focus on the research conducted by Chinese researchers. In the study of SOA with indoor chamber system in the laboratory, the development and characteristics of the chamber system are summarized. The wall effects related to the chamber reactor are discussed. The research progress on the formation of SOA from the conversion of different kinds of organic species, such as terpenes, aromatics, and light-weight molecules are emphatically reviewed. In the study of SOA by flow reactors and other reactors, the main chemical composition and the role of SOA formed from VOCs on the surface of particles and in the liquid phase are particularly described.
Key words:Secondary organic aerosol/
Smog chamber system/
Formation mechanism/
Heterogeneous reaction/
Volatile organic compounds
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