doi:10.12202/j.0476-0301.2020062杨丽,
刘海军^,,
高壮壮,
唐晓培,
冯东雪
城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室，北京师范大学水科学研究院，100875，北京
基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助项目（2017YFD0201500）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（51479004）；111引智基地资助项目（B18006）

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通讯作者:刘海军（1975—），男，教授，博士. 研究方向：农业水文过程及现代节水灌溉理论和技术. e-mail: shanxilhj@bnu.edu.cn

中图分类号:S274.3

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-11-28
网络出版日期:2020-07-29
刊出日期:2020-04-01

Evapotranspiration and influencing factors of greenhouse tomato

Li YANG,
Haijun LIU^,,
Zhuangzhuang GAO,
Xiaopei TANG,
Dongxue FENG
Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China



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摘要
摘要:为了研究华北地区日光温室作物在地膜覆盖条件下的蒸散量及其影响要素，并评价现状灌溉制度的合理性，于2018年10月—2019年1月在河北省邢台市宁晋县开展了田间试验，测量了番茄植株茎流速率和茎流量、土壤基质势和温室内小气候（总辐射、温度和相对湿度），探究番茄蒸散量和茎流速率变化特征及其与气象因子的关系；并将实际作物蒸散量与灌溉水量进行比较。试验表明，番茄茎流速率具有明显昼夜周期变化特征，茎流速率从08:00 —10:00开始加速增长，13:00左右达到最大值，此后快速下降，在21:00时番茄茎流停止。晴天茎流日变化过程为单峰曲线，多云天气为多峰曲线。在番茄不受水分胁迫时，茎流速率与总辐射、空气温度和饱和水汽压差的Pearson相关系数从大到小排序呈现为总辐射（0.972）、饱和水汽压差（0.970）、空气温度（0.949）；日蒸散量与总辐射、日平均温度、日最高温度和饱和水汽压差的Pearson相关系数从大到小排序呈现为总辐射（0.970）、饱和水汽压差（0.965）、最高温度（0.922）、平均温度（0.828）。在番茄果实膨大期，温室内作物系数K_c为1.5，这要显著大于FAO-56推荐的1.15，说明在华北地区FAO-56推荐的作物系数应进行调整。试验期间日光温室累积蒸散量（78 mm）仅为灌水量（255 mm）的31%，表明农户灌水量明显偏多，建议可适当减少灌溉水量，以提高水分利用效率。
关键词:温室番茄/
茎流速率/
气象因子/
蒸散/
灌溉用水效率
Abstract:Crop evapotranspiration under plastic mulching film in greenhouse is a critical factor to schedule irrigation and evaluate water use efficiency, in North China in particular. Therefore, a field experiment on tomato evapotranspiration was done in Ningjin County, Hebei Province from October 2018 to January 2019. Sap flow, soil matrix potential, soil volumetric moisture content and microclimate factors such as total radiation, temperature, relative humidity in the greenhouse were measured, to characterize tomato evapotranspiration and sap flow rate, and their correlation with meteorological factors, and to evaluate water use efficiency after comparison of evapotranspiration and irrigation water. Sap flow was found to begin mostly at 08:00, before increased quickly to maximum at 13:00, then decreased quickly and stopped at 21:00. Diurnal curve of sap flow in sunny days showed a single peak, but in cloudy days multiple peaks were found. With sufficient soil water, sap flow was linearly related to total radiation, air temperature and vapor pressure deficit, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.972, 0.949 and 0.970 respectively. Total daily evapotranspiration was linearly related to total radiation, daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature and vapor pressure deficit, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.970, 0.828, 0.922 and 0.965 respectively. During fruit expansion, crop coefficient K_c in greenhouse was found to be 1.5, much higher than 1.15 recommended by FAO-56. Therefore crop coefficient as recommended by FAO-56 should probably be adjusted for the cultivated greenhouse tomato in North China. Total tomato evapotranspiration in the experiment was found to be 78 mm, which was 31% of total irrigation (255 mm), therefore approximately 69% of irrigation water was lost indicating over-irrigation. Irrigation is therefore recommended to be reduced to save water and improve water-use efficiency.
Key words:greenhouse tomato/
sap flow rate/
meteorological factor/
evapotranspiration/
irrigation water use efficiency