Microvesicles (MVs, also known as microparticles) are small vesicles that originate from plasma membrane of almost all eukaryotic cells during apoptosis or activation. MVs can serve as extracellular vehicles to transport bioactive molecules from their parental cells to recipient target cells, thereby serving as novel mediators for intercellular communication. Importantly, more and more evidence indicates that MVs could play important roles in early pathogenesis and subsequent progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Elevated plasma concentrations of MVs, originating from red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets, or other organs and tissues, have been reported in various cardiometabolic diseases. Circulating MVs could serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis or therapeutic monitoring. In this review, we summarized recently-published studies in the field and discussed the role of MVs in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. The emerging values of MVs that serve as biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis, as well as their roles as novel therapeutic targets in cardiometabolic diseases, were also described.
细胞微囊泡(microvesicles, MVs) 在1967年首先被wolf报道，认为它是血小板释放的细胞膜囊泡，并称之为“血小板尘埃”。随后研究又陆续发现，除血小板外，循环血液中的红细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞以及单核细胞，血管内皮细胞，部分平滑肌细胞在不同的刺激条件下均能释放此类物质。目前认为MVs是多种细胞来源的，在细胞激活或凋亡时产生的含有细胞膜结构的物质。它可以通过介导配体受体反应或传递胞浆成分及细胞器等方式，参与并影响靶细胞内信号转导通路，从而介导母细胞和靶细胞的联系。MVs的释放是机体的一种自我调节机制，可以介导细胞之间的信号传导和免疫调节，在肿瘤、心血管疾病、神经系统疾病病理生理学和发病机制中起重要的作用。MVs释放到血液细胞中, 作为一种新兴的标记物和调节介质，并且随着对其的研究深入，关于MVs作为疾病的生物标记物和液体活体检测靶点的期望越来越高。因此，本文就MVs的生物学特性，细胞间信息传递方式，以及在心血管代谢疾病中作为生物标记物或者治疗靶点的研究进展进行综述。





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